Simplified field notation cannot perform date or time arithmetic. The routines behind the user interface is assuming the ':" is decimal place and the values are numbers in the base 10 numbering system and not valued in the date time cyclical system.
Thom Parker has written a series of tutorials in the Learning Center presenting one method for computing elapsed dates and times.
Adobe has free JavaScripting References online and has the Date arithmetic example using the milliseconds from the Epoch date of JavaScript.
It is also possible to split the time string into hours and minutes and then convert those 2 values a common value like minutes or hours and then finish your computations using the standard mathematical operands. If you keep your intermediate step fields as decimal values either hours or minutes the totaling becomes much easier and you can use custom formatting to change the displayed value.
Note that formatting for the input data and processing is very important. JavaScript does make assumptions about dates and times based on the format of the field and this might not be the value that JavaScript sees. For example, with the 24 hour format one could enter 12:00am, 00:00 in 24 hour format, for the start of the day but any script accessing that field's value will see 12:00 or 12:00pm Noon and not 00:00.