Actually, it is possible, but only if the other file is disclosed.
In that case you could try to open it using app.openDoc() and check if the result is null. If it is, you know there's no file with that name (or there is, but it isn't disclosed). If it's not null, you know there a disclosed file with that file name.
What you can do is add a script that discloses the files before you save them, to make sure that you'd be able to find them the next time you run the script.
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