This is an indication of a corrupt PDF file. However, even with this error, you should be able to exit the application. I suspect that there is not just one "bad parameter" error, but one after the other (that's why you end up with the flickering dialog, which may just be one new dialog getting drawn over the others.
What happens when you try to force close the application?
If nothing helps, you can always shutdown the computer without a proper shutdown procedure (e.g. by holding the power button for a few seconds or by pulling the plug).
This is definitely a problem, and if you are willing to share the PDF file in question, I would take a look and see if there is anything that can be done about this situation.
You can report your experience in a bug report to Adobe: https://www.adobe.com/cfusion/mmform/index.cfm?name=wishform
Karl Heinz Kremer
PDF Acrobatics Without a Net
PDF Software Development, Training and More...
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